A campaign for the City Bike Company Essay

The City Bike Company started in the United States as a sharing program. It situated in New York dealing with bicycles which are of high quality. Interestingly, it is the biggest bike sharing program in the country and even the whole world. The company was selected to advance and operate the system using a new technology. In that reason the company has a great opportunity hence enlarging its operation system in the City. Basically, it spent millions of dollars to lead a certain sponsorship for around six good years. This actually portrays how the company has made a rigid foundation to success its’ operation. The system was opened officially to the people with around 300 stations as well as 6,000 bicycles in 2013. Fortunately, last year’s number of subscribers was roughly 93,000 while the Citi Bike riders took an average of 34,000. This was done in every day of that year. (Staub, 2014).Ladies and gentleman, our company has come to culmination, and now you have the power to change the working landscape of City Bike Company. As we advertise time and time again, if you choose the products of our company, there are several things will be done to you fully as you continue to enjoy. For that reason, we ensure that your needs are our needs. Therefore, we are ready to meet them day in and day out across this land. First of all, we plan on proposing new legislation of investing more incentive dollars in our company, not only to meet the needs of today, but to reduce the price of our bicycles hence developing minds for the future. Also, such new funding would be used to buy quality materials and retain our mission and vision. In addition, we intend to fund for building and renovating new companies of the same. Our dear customers, the company has created a strategy plan setting aside US$ 20.4 million for the discount and printing free magazine ads showing the products and the relating prices. This awesome target starts in the mid of the year 2015. To accomplish this, I request all of you to remain patient in this company since there are more and fabulous things the board of directors have for you. No more price increases, instead it will reduce. At the same time, the discount will be attached of 40 % of the fixed price. As I see this creates wonderful smile to most of our customers and even to the prospective customers. Eventually, the list of bicycle sharing systems has increased in the world and even in United States. Therefore, we have stiff competition that is behind us ready to make their sales. The statistics depicts that by August 2014; more than 600 cities worldwide had a bike sharing program of the same type of ours. That is up from 535 systems, in 49 countries; in April 2013. Actually, this is incredible sharp increase from 2011, when it was 375 schemes operating 236,000 bicycles. Precisely, adoption outside the continent Europe sharply increased over that duration of time, up from one system that is, in Washington D.C to around 143, having more than half percent of the world fleet in Asia (Steves, 2014). It should be noted that the City Bike Company is the most and famous company that produces quality bicycles in the world. Furthermore, it offers quality and recommendable services to the customers as most of you are aware of it. Kindly let us stick to our culture which is in our beloved company. Finally, ladies and gentlemen keep in mind that there is only boss one in the business who has the power to sack and employ the manager. Do you know the boss is you as customer because you are able to determine where you are money will go to? I implore you to support our company together. I really appreciate you excellent turn up and being tolerant until now while listening our strategy plan. See you there. Thank you. Reference Staub, M. (2014). Best bike rides New York City: Great recreational rides in the five boroughs. Steves, R. (2014). Europe Through the Back Door 2015 : The Travel Skills Handbook. Avalon Travel Publishing. Source document

Negative Effects On The Juvenile Justice System - 964 Words

Negative Effects of Adolescents in Prisons According to the article â€Å"Adolescents in Grown-Up Jails†, arresting young people and locking them up with adults in prisons causes more damage to a child than actually helping them become functional citizens in the long run. The article goes on about how â€Å"confining young people to adult jails and prisons are both counterproductive and inhumane† (New York Times, 2012). The article states how children whom are locked away â€Å"are more likely to be raped, battered or driven to suicide than young people who are handled through the juvenile justice system† ( New York Times, 2012). It is important that juveniles are handled through the juvenile justice system because of its focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment. The juvenile justice system is better suited to lessen the likelihood of abuse, child recidivism and lessen the negative effects associated with being in jail or prison. When young people are locked away in solitary confinement they return home often traumatized and become incapable of becoming a functional citizen (New York Times, 2012). This causes the likelihood to commit or recommit violent crimes and end up back in jail or prison (Beauchamp, 2013). In this case, juveniles should not be a part of the adult criminal justice system, especially solitary confinement for a variety of reasons. First and foremost, youth are different than adults. According to an article conducted by the Human Rights Watch and the AmericanShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Restorative Justice On Juvenile Recidivism1407 Words   |  6 PagesCurrent research available on the effects of restorative justice on juvenile recidivism range from meta-analyses of multiple studies to individual program studies. According to Bradshaw and Roseborough (2005), â€Å"The use of meta-analytic methods provides a useful means for summarizing diverse research findings across restorative justice studies and synthesizing these findings in an objective manner.† (p. 19). Four meta-analytic studies reveal an overall reduction in juvenile recidivism (Bradshaw and RoseboroughRead MoreFetal Alcohol Disorder Research Paper1227 Words   |  5 PagesFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (known as FASD), is a term which encompasses a wide variety of negative health consequences as a result of exposure to alcohol while in th e womb (Williams, 2006). This exposure has the potential to cause severe, permanent brain damage leading to cognitive and behavioural deficiencies throughout childhood and adolescence (Brown et al., 2015). FASD only occurs within the general population of North America in approximately 9.1 out of every 1000 births (McLachlan et alRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate Of Incarceration Rates Among African American Males1339 Words   |  6 Pagescriminal behavior, which is variously defined by different legal systems. Juvenile Delinquency is prominent in inner city communities- vastly lower income poverty shook areas. Background Juvenile Delinquents are being incarcerated at earlier ages as time progresses. The term delinquent speaks of two or more youths, typically amongst the ages of ten and seventeen years old, who are involved in doings well-defined as illegal. The study of juvenile delinquents in inner city Chicago have been studied for manyRead MoreIncarceration Of Youth And Its Effects On Reducing Crime Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagescrime. Incarcerating youth have posed greater problems such as expenses, limited education, lack of employment, and effect on juveniles’ mental and physical well-being. In today’s society there has been an increase in the crimes committed by juveniles. Most juveniles have underlining factors that have caused them to choose this type of lifestyle. Many children in the juvenile system have come from impoverish stricken neighborhoods and are festered with gang activity which has made them a productRead MoreJuvenile Justice Of Biological And Biosocial Theories983 Words   |  4 PagesWhat are the implications for juvenile justice of biological and biosocial theories? Juvenile Justice For countless years researchers have tried to inform the Justice system of the reasons behind some of the delinquencies that have been vetted out on others as a result of the homes in which they are from. It has been difficult to explain however the specific implications as a result of the biological influence such as the genetic makeup of the child. The biological factors as well as the biosocialRead MoreAdolescent Crime a Result of Socioeconomic Instabilities 1271 Words   |  6 Pagesthe juvenile justice system. Pressure associated with increased levels of crime gears conservative believers in social responsibility to implement harsher punishments as an avenue for social protection. Conversely, liberally-minded individuals gravitate toward the social problems perspective, believing that rehabilitation is the only method adequate to protect society. Inherent in the controversial topic of trying juveniles as adults is an increased responsibility to create a functional system geared Read MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Not Reflective Of Their National Population1612 Words   |  7 Pagesare roughly 79,000 adolescents held at juvenile facilities all across the United States (Sickmund Puzzanchera, 2014). Of that population, Latino and African American youth represent the majority of those in confinement. This is a problem because the overrepresentation of minorities within the juvenile justice system is not reflective of their national population percentages. Nationally, Latino and African American youth only comprise 38% of the total juvenile population combined, while CaucasianRead MoreThe Total Effects Of Boot Camps That House Juveniles847 Words   |  4 PagesTotal Effects of Boot Camps That House Juveniles: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. In the 1980s the first shock incarceration programs or boot camp was introduced for the adult’s correctional system. Since than it have rapidly grown, and widely adopted across the fields of corrections and juvenile justice. The attraction towards the shock incarceration program originated from the instinctive belief that military methods promote honorable behavior. However, for others, it is the effect of hopelessnessRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Juvenile Justice Summary1582 Words   |  7 PagesMedina’s text, â€Å"Why the U.S. juvenile justice system needs serious reform,† she presents three main claims. The main claim is that the juvenile justice system is inhumane. The secondary claim is that the system is ineffective. Lastly, the third claim is that the system is expensive. In her first claim, in which she states that the system is inhumane. That stands for â€Å"Without compassion for misery and suffering; cruel.† She carries reasons why the juv enile justice system is cruel. The first exampleRead MoreEssay on Restorative Action for Juvenile Justice Centers1039 Words   |  5 Pages Juvenile justice is the area of criminal law for a person not old enough to be held responsible for their criminal actions (â€Å"Juvenile Justice†). In most states this kind of categorization is determined by age, set at eighteen years old. In general, juvenile law is governed by state law and most states have an individual juvenile code set in place that contributes to the number of youth in detention centers today (â€Å"Juvenile Justice†). Despite the lowest youth crime rates in twenty years, according

Gender Double Standards For The Past Millenniums And Morrison

Women have been historically treated as second class citizens in both domestic and professional life. Society has circled around men for the past millenniums and Morrison depicts these gender double standards in Song of Solomon. She establishes the norms that women were subjected to and the social pressures that forced them to act, behave, and even live in a certain manner. Throughout the novel, Morrison continually describes Milkman s perspective toward the women that are involved in his life and it reiterates how society during this time neglected gender equality. We are able to see and be submerged into how his mother behaves under his father’s command, and how both of his sisters are forced to grow up and live under the shadow of another man. Morrison accentuates the patriarchy that was prevalent in society during the 1900s by depicting the discrepancies between how men and women were both treated and raised. In the 1900s, women were expected to be tolerant, submissive, a nd obedient. Milkman describes it as learning to be â€Å"mindless.† In the beginning of the book Milkman faces an internal conflict as he profusely desires his father’s power but does not want to inherit his contempt. He initially has a great deal of respect toward women because of his love for his mother, and during his innocence he does not seem to be able to understand why women are treated as second class citizens. He is distraught by his mother’s lack of autonomy and characterizes her as â€Å"tooShow MoreRelatedHow Pastoral Care Policy Has Contributed to the Management of Junior Secondary Schools In Botswana23474 Words   |  94 Pagessignatories to a number of child directed international agreements that call for changes in educational structures (Nthitu, Kathard Sayed, 2009). 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Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and CultureRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCharacteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesâ€Å"Learning is not a spectator sport. Students do not learn much just by sitting in a class listening to teachers, memorizing pre-packaged assignments, and spilling out answers. They must ta lk about what they are learning, write about it, relate it to past experiences, apply it to their daily lives. They must make what they learn part of themselves.† (Chickering Gamson, 1987) In their classic book on active learning, Bonwell and Elson (1991) list seven defining characteristics. 1. Students are involvedRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesLibraries Unlimited, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 A Member of the Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.lu.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To our grandchildren Annika, Jacob, Katherine, Madison, Magnus, and Molly Contents Illustrations . . . . . Preface . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgments . 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Interview With an Elderly Person Essays - 2516 Words

Aging and being old was dominated by negative characteristics and conditions such as illness, depression, and isolation for a long time (Eibach, Mock, Courtney, 2010). At first glance the terms â€Å"success† and â€Å"aging† seem to be in conflict to each other. When asking people about aging, their answers have many facets that are also found in psychological definitions: successful aging is seen as health, maturity and personal growth, self-acceptance, happiness, generativity, coping, and acceptance of age-related limitations. In the psychological sense successful aging is also often seen as the absence of age-associated characteristics (Strawbridge, Wallhagen, Cohen, 2002). It seems that successful aging means is not aging. Methods I†¦show more content†¦2. Which part of aging are you the least satisfied with? This question can be seen as a follow up question of the first. If there are any negative aspects she sees in life, this question will present the details. 3. Where did you see yourself at this age? This question might explain any happiness or unhappiness my aunt experiences. Her past ideas about her life could give clues as to why she is happy or unhappy. 4. Is there something that surprised you about aging? This is a follow up to question 3. 5. If you could go back, what changes would you make? This question gives my aunt the opportunity to reflect on her past and think about what she would change if she could. 6. If you could tell your younger self something, what would it be? I added this question during the interview because of her answer to question 5. 7. You live alone. How do you manage your everyday life? I was curious to hear how she is coping with her age-related limitations. 8. What positive aspects do you see when getting older? This question is supposed to turn the conversation towards a more positive experience. It is often easy to see what problems aging causes but it is equally important to understand that aging can also have positive aspects. In case my aunt would answer any of the prior questions negatively, this is the chance to end the interview on a better note. The answers toShow MoreRelatedInterview with Elderly Person1101 Words   |  5 PagesViewing for an Effective Outcome Professor Dr. Jorge Cardenas July 23, 2012 Introduction Elderly people are so comfortable in their own skin because they have lived their lives and some have a continuance, which indicate that this is a true blessing and most of them still have their right frame of mind in order to assist in their living conditions along with their personal retirement plans. The elderly sometimes need that extra assistance from families that sometimes may require time that theRead MoreAdult Aging Interview At The Feet Of An Elderly Person Essay2126 Words   |  9 PagesAdult Aging Interview â€Å"The best classroom is at the feet of an elderly person,† said by a famous American radio and television writer, Andy Rooney. Elderly has so much to teach the younger generation because they have been through an array of events in life that are worth sharing and knowing. The purpose of the study is to understand the experience of aging and late adulthood by using case study method through interview and informal interaction with an older adult. Given the circumstance of longRead MoreThe Interview with a Ms.Brown, Elderly Person Essay example629 Words   |  3 Pagesshared with Ms. Brown about different topics concerning elderly, in particular, Ageism, social network, Caregiving. I countries like , Mexico, where grandparents form a constituent part in a family, the United States has seen a major shift away from this reality. On my second interview with Ms. Brown, I decided to bring my Gerontology notebook â€Å" Aging, the Individual, and Society†, so I could sh are with her some facts about aging, elderly, how society views it, and most important. From the bookRead MoreFall Prevention Program for Elderly in DC1610 Words   |  6 Pagesprevention programs have been rising to address falls but fall related incident, injuries and the cost has continuously been rising among elderly people (Costello Edelstein, 2008). In the study conducted by Berland et al. (2012), showed that in home health, not viewing patient safety as primary prevention, lack of investigation causing fall and frailty of elderly adult have been some factors contributing to falls in home health. Falls negatively impacts an individual living in their home by causingRead MoreImproving Elderly Peoples Quality Of Life Through Occupational Therapy1676 Words   |  7 PagesSummary: The aim of my research project was to find how to improve elderly people’s quality of life through occupational therapy (OT). I had chosen this topic because my elderly grandparents were undertaking the acquisition of OT services, and I wanted to use the research project to improve their experience. I used three main primary sources to gain insight into elderly problems; two questionnaires, for the elderly, and OTs, to gain information from both parties, and I interviewed an OT to gain aRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Adult Day Care972 Words   |  4 PagesDisadvantages of Adult Day Care Although there are many reason why Adult Day Care Centers and caregivers benefit the elderly. There are also reasons why they may not benefit the elderly. As the older generation of people age, they become more physically frail. They are more weakened and vulnerable to abuse. Unable to fight back or defend themselves people are able to take advantage of them. Care takers are unable to live with them do to their mental or physical conditions. Elder abuseRead MoreThe Face Of The Hiv Epidemic Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesaging population tends to be viewed as asexual, doctors rarely assess for HIV risk factors let alone screen for the infection (Oyieng’o Bradley, 2010). Symptoms of the infection are also mistaken for other serious diseases commonly found in elderly persons (Oyieng’o Bradley, 2010). HIV also increases the speed of aging on the body, weakening the immune system (Zhao et al, 2011). Infectious diseases have the potential to spread exponentiall y, and practitioners should remember that even if onlyRead MoreInterview of a Social Service Agency1353 Words   |  6 PagesInterview of a Social Service Agency BSHS/442 Introduction Advocates play an important role in the course of empowering individuals who require support to exercise his or her rights, and advocates create awareness in the public concerning the problems. An advocate takes on the role to speak and stand for an individual or group in need. The advocate becomes the voice of the disadvantaged or discriminated population to stop the oppression. Advocates offer assistance and information concerningRead MoreIvan Miranda, A Native Of Acapulco, Mexico868 Words   |  4 Pageswasn’t for them†, Ivan stated during the interview. I interviewed Ivan Miranda; a native of Acapulco, Mexico, about elderly roles in his family. 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the major systematic error sublimation of caffeine Essay Example For Students

the major systematic error sublimation of caffeine Essay Outline1 Introduction:2 Research Question:3 Background Information:4 Original Coffee beans:5 Caffeine:6 Phase Diagram:7 Roasting procedure:8 Light joint:9 Medium joint:10 Full joint:11 Double joint:12 Method:13 Variables:14 Procedures:15 Explanation of Stage 1 process:16 Premise in Stage 1 process:17 Separate caffeine from other chemicals in the solution18 Precaution of Stage 2:19 Explanation of Stage 2 process:20 Premises in Stage 2 process:21 Completion of caffeine infusion ( In fume board )22 Explanation for Stage 3 process:23 Premise in Stage 3 process:24 Raw informations:25 Decision and Analysis:26 Restrictions and Evaluations:27 Methods to decide the major systematic error- Sublimation of caffeine:28 Further unsolved inquiry and suggested probe:29 Bibliography:30 Appendix31 Chemicals in green java beans32 Degree of roasting Introduction: Coffee has been a popular drink since twentieth century, non merely because of its different colourss and spirits due to different grades of roasting, but besides the consequence on which it can maintain you to remain awake and to complete your occupation. It is normally known that the ground for java to possess this consequence is because of the caffeine inside the java beans. In general, there are four chief types of roasting methods in the industry, viz. , Light Roast, Medium Roast, Full Roast and Double Roast. There are a assortment of utilizations on caffeine presents. By interfering with adenosine in encephalon and organic structure, it moderates new transmittal of signals in CNS, Central Nervous System, and hence keeps people awake . Due to its short half life in human organic structure, around 4-10 hours on mean , it can be used to increase the consequence of anodyne for hurting control Besides it has consequence on detaining the musculus weariness. However, caffeine can do negative consequence on human organic structure, for illustration, increase the bosom rate, take a breathing rate and makes people experience more qui vive and energetic, which is besides the ground why International Olympic Committee forbid high caffeine ingestion. Furthermore, it is a mildly habit-forming drug, so some people can non command the ingestion of caffeine under overdose, which could take to caffeine intoxication. Besides, harmonizing to the a survey held by Montreal University, if pregnant adult fe male consume more than 1.5 cup of java, the opportunity of abortion is doubled ; if consume more than four, the opportunity of abortion is tripled. Therefore, the pick of caffeine ingestion from java becomes critical due to its harmful consequence on human organic structure. It is advised that, if necessary, 100-300 milligram per twenty-four hours of caffeine ingestion is acceptable. However, people are normally lack of cognition about the caffeine content in the java and have no thought what sum precisely is in the java they are imbibing. Therefore, they frequently use their senses to place the caffeine content in java relation to each other. However, there are a batch of myths about this method. For illustration, those darker java has more caffeine than lighter java due to its darkness or that the caffeine is destroyed during roasting in higher temperature, so the caffeine content in lighter java is higher than that of darker java. To forestall over-dosing of caffeine from java, it is critical for people to hold the general thought of comparing the caffeine content in different java when purchasing a them. In this essay, the caffeine contents in java beans roasted in different grades are examined by experiment through the extraction of caffeine by chemical agencies. The consequence would be interpreted by concentrating on the roasting procedure, as java beans experience greatest alteration in physical or chemical alteration during roasting. Although there are a batch of sub-degrees of the chief four roasting grades, merely one sub-degree from each grade would be selected as representative. Research Question: Does different roasting grade affect the caffeine content in java beans? Background Information: Original Coffee beans: The original java beans are green in colour. They contain non-volatile alkaloids, proteins and amino acid, saccharides, lipoids, non-volatile chlorogenic acid, and volatile compounds. Among the non-volatile alkaloids, caffeine is the most abundant. It contains 1-2.5 % w/w of green java been. Caffeine: Caffeine is a white, crystalline odorless and acrimonious savoring solid. It exists in the works of java beans as a natural pesticide. Its formal name is trimethylxanthine, or in systematic calling 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione. The chemical expression of caffeine is C8H10N4O2. It is a polar organic compound that contains C, N, H and O. Its denseness in solid signifier is 1.23 g/cm3. Due to the presence of N in the compound, caffeine is base in nature. Since it is a polar molecule, it is soluble to H2O, particularly in hot H2O. The solubility of caffeine in H2O is 22 at 25, 180 at 80, and 670 at 100. Under force per unit area of standard ambient temperature and force per unit area , the runing point of caffeine is 238 and it can besides sublimate at 178in about vacuity , which will be explained by stage diagram following. Phase Diagram: Three general stages of affair are solid, liquid and gas. Change of stage does non merely depend on the temperature, but besides the surrounding force per unit area moving on the chemicals. For illustration, the boiling point of H2O is 100, under standard ambient temperature and force per unit area. However, if the is placed in a lower atmospheric force per unit area, the boiling point of H2O is decreased since the vapour force per unit area is already greater than the atmospheric force per unit area, so H2O molecules can get away from the H2O surface in a lower required energy. Therefore, each compound can undergo stage alteration to the three stages in different combination of temperature and force per unit area. Figure 2 is a phase diagram of. The lines spliting the diagram into subdivisions represent that under certain temperature and force per unit area, would undergo alteration of stage, which is equilibrium between the two stages that the line is spliting. For illustration, th e ruddy line, if A A ; lt ; 1, so the matching thaw point additions, while the corresponding boiling point, A , lessenings. Each component has their ain stage diagram to exemplify the passage of stages under different combination of temperature and force per unit area. Figure 3 is a stage diagram exemplifying the stage passages of caffeine, which is different from. This is critical in ulterior reading of the consequence in the experiment. It is because roasting procedure involves temperature and force per unit area alteration. Roasting procedure: The chief intent of roasting java beans is to take toxins, heighten the gustatory sensation and concentrate the olfactory property wanted. Since green java beans are difficult, small odor and incorporate a batch of compounds that are acrimonious in gustatory sensation. Therefore, by roasting, it can ensue in both physical and chemical alteration in the green java beans. Since caffeine is the chief factor that is concerned in this essay, other chemical alteration will non be discussed. Although there are a batch different roasting procedures in the industry, such as fluidized bed roasting, fast roasting or horizontal rotating membranophone, the basic procedure of roasting is similar. During roasting, there are 10 % to 20 % lost in weight from the green java beans. Here is a sum-up of roasting procedure of java beans: Heating of Green Coffee Beans from 3-5 proceedingss ( about 25 to 100 ) The green java beans are heated so that the H2O in the original java beans evaporates at a really fast rate. As this point, the green java beans turn from green to yellow due to caramelization of sugar in the java beans. Heating of Yellow Coffee Beans from 5th-9th proceedingss ( about 170to 200 ) The xanthous java beans are farther heated and get down to turn to brown in colour as more sugar being caramelized. Carbon dioxide and H2O are forced to get away out of the java beans due to the high force per unit area indoors, as the temperature is really high, which besides causes the enlargement in size of java beans. The olfactory property besides starts to give out at this phase. First cleft from 10th-11th proceedingss ( about 210 ) A first sound of cleft gives out as the java beans expand to about duplicate in size from green java beans in high temperature. Familiar olfactory property is given out and the java beans turn aureate brown at this phase. After this phase, harmonizing to different grades of roasting required, the java beans will undergo different temperatures and clip periods for farther warming. During the procedure, the sugar is caramelized farther and coffee oil is released. Light joint: To get visible radiation roasted java beans, the beans from phase 3 are to be roasted about one more minute in approximately 215 before the 2nd cleft. Medium joint: For farther half to one minute from light roasted in approximately 230, a 2nd cleft occurs and it means average joint is finished. Full joint: If continued for half to one minute from medium roasted in approximately 240, full roasted java beans are collected. Double joint: This is the most common concluding measure that java beans would be roasted, which is acquired from go oning the roasting from full roasted java beans for about half a minute more in approximately 245. The sugar in the java beans at this phase is started to fire and degraded. The above warming procedure can be achieved by either roasting the java beans on a hot home base, which is a traditional roasting method in industry or in place roasting, or go throughing the java beans by high temperature steam. Method: Variables: Mugwump: Degree of roasted java beans Dependant: Caffeine extracted from the java beans ( g ) Controlled: Mass of roasted java beans ( g ) Brand of java beans ( Starbucks ) Apparatus: The undermentioned setup are used in this experiment. Chemicals: The undermentioned chemicals are used in this experiment. Procedures: Extracting chemicals compounds out of java beans Measure 100mL of distilled H2O by graduated cylinder Pour the H2O into a 200mL beaker. Topographic point the beaker on a hot home base and heat the hot home base to 100. Topographic point a weighing boat on an electronic graduated table and tare it. Measure 3g of java beans, in signifier of pulverization, on the electronic graduated table and record it. Add the 3g of java pulverization into the boiling H2O. Use glass rod to stir the solution during warming. After the H2O furuncles, which means it reaches 100, set the temperature to 80 and let the solution to stand for 20 proceedingss to pull out as much caffeine as possible. The Benetton Group EssayTo reason, high temperature and force per unit area in roasting procedure are the grounds that the caffeine content is non affected irrespective the grade of roasting that the java beans have achieved. Therefore, even different grade of roasted java beans is used to brew java, the caffeine ingestion is the same no affair which type of java you prefer. Indeed, decaffeinated java is non taken into history. Restrictions and Evaluations: Random mistakes: Random mistake arises since caffeine may non be all dissolved in methylene chloride since it still has a small solubility in room temperature H2O. Furthermore, the caffeine extracted by methylene chloride may incorporate drosss, which affect the mass of caffeine recorded. Besides, the measuring utilizing graduated cylinder causes uncertainnesss. Furthermore, the usage of other equipments such as electronic balance, which causes 0.01g on the mass measured. Systematic mistakes: The measure of sample is excessively little, which causes ill-defined consequences obtained since big difference may be obtained if sample has larger measure. If there is any difference of caffeine content, it would be more obvious if increase the sum of each java pulverization sample used. However, due to the fact that school research lab do non hold a big beaker at the clip the experiment was performed, which required more than 200mL, merely little sum of sample in each test can be used in order to maintain a big ratio between the volume of H2O and the mass of the java pulverization. Furthermore, the major systematic mistake is the separation of two beds in dividing funnel. Since the running of methylene chloride into a beaker is manipulated by custodies and through the observation. To guarantee that all methylene chloride is collected, the closing of the separating funnel is a small delayed due to the bubbles in the separating line, which blurred the exact dividing degree. Therefore, a small solution of the upper portion, which contains the drosss from java beans, is added into the methylene chloride in the beaker. After the vaporization, since Na carbonate is added before and it has high boiling point due to its ionic construction, its mass contributes to the mass weighed on the electronic balance. Methods to decide the major systematic error- Sublimation of caffeine: In order to decide the major systematic mistake, a farther measure can be done if equipment is allowed in school research lab. Since caffeine sublimes good under vacuity at 178, as no air molecules against the vapor force per unit area of caffeine, the gathered caffeine can be placed into a flask linking to a aspirator, which keeps the status in vacuity, and have a cold finger above it and a heat beginning below the flask. Caffeine can so sublimate and precipitate on the cold finger. Therefore, pure caffeine can be collected and weighed. Further unsolved inquiry and suggested probe: Although the caffeine content is non affected by roasting, a measure rearward can ensue in an unsolved inquiry, which is whether green java beans grown from different topographic points contain different degree of caffeine inside? A suggested manner to make so is that ; purchase different java beans of same roasted degree from different locations around the universe. This can be done by utilizing cyberspace shopping. After, extract caffeine from each illustration and compare the caffeine content in each java bean from different location. Since there are more and more methods of roasting in the industry, such as fluidized bed roasting and fast roasting , it would be interesting to look into whether these new methods of roasting can impact the caffeine content in the java beans even they are claimed to be same grade of roasting after all. Bibliography: A, Nehlig ; JL, Daval ; G, Debry ( 1992 ) . Caffeine and the cardinal nervous system: Mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic, and psychostimulant effects . Brain Res Rev FP, Meyer ; E, Canzler ; H, Giers ; H. Walther ( 1991 ) . Time class of suppression of caffeine riddance in response to the unwritten terminal prophylactic agent Deposiston. Hormonal preventives and caffeine riddance . Zentralbl Gynakol Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs Oxford Press. Kent, Michael ( 1997 ) . Oxford Food A ; Fitness ( A Dictionary of diet and exercising ) Oxford University Press. Anderson, Jean ; Deslein, Barbara. The Nutrition Bible William Marrow and Company, Inc. LEUNG, T. M. ; LEE, C. C. Inorganic Chemistry and Chemistry in Action Fillans. Library for Science . A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chromatography-online.org/directory/analt-235/page.html gt ; . About.com amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //chemistry.about.com/od/moleculescompounds/a/caffeine.htm gt ; Drug bank amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugbank.ca/cgi-bin/getCard.cgi? CARD=DB00201 gt ; Purdue University Online Writing Lab amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //employees.oneonta.edu/knauerbr/chem226/226expts/226_expt06_pro.pdf gt ; Look for chemicals amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lookchem.com/Caffeine/ gt ; Carleton College » A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //serc.carleton.edu/research_education/equilibria/other_diagrams.html gt ; University of British Columbia amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chem.ubc.ca/courseware/123/tutorials/exp10A/sublimation/ gt ; Coffee-Makers-Caf A ; eacute ; amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.coffee-makers-cafe.com/coffee-roasting.html # roastHome gt ; Coffee-Tea amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.coffee-tea.co.uk/commercial-roasting.php gt ; Sweet Marias amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sweetmarias.com/roasting-VisualGuideV2.php gt ; Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc. amp ; lt ; www.seriaz.org/downloads/4-caffiene.pdf gt ; The Scripps Research Institute amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scripps.edu/chem/finn/Scipdfiles/dipolemoments.pdf gt ; City Collegiate amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.citycollegiate.com/dipolemoment.htm gt ; New Mexico Tech amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //infohost.nmt.edu/~jaltig/Chem333LCaffeine.pdf gt ;  «Ezine Article » A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles.com/ ? A-Look-at-the-Coffee-Roasting-Process A ; id=1802022 gt ; Beverage.cc A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.beverages.cc/Coffea/encyclopedia.htm gt ; PubMed database A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361718? dopt=Abstract gt ; Appendix Chemicals in green java beans Non-volatile alkaloids: Caffeine, Elixophyllin, theobromine, paraxanthine, liberine, and methylliberine are present, while caffeine is the most abundant non-volatile alkaloid, which is about 1-2.5 % w/w of a green java bean. Besides, caffeine Acts of the Apostless as a natural insect powder for the works. Furthermore, caffeine s half life is 5.7 hours in a normal grownup organic structure. Proteins and amino acids Proteins and aminic acids make up 8-12 % w/w of a green java bean. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates account for 50 % w/w of a green java bean, largely polysaccharides. Lipids Lipids, ester, long chained unsaturated fatty acids and amides are found in green java beans. The fatty acid is saturated during roasting procedure, which accounts for the java oil. Non-volatine chlorogenic acids Chlorogenic acids are antioxidant. They are good for wellness, but 70 % of them are destroyed during roasting procedure. Volatile compounds Volatile compounds are found in green java beans as aldehydes, short-chained fatty acids and N incorporating aromatic molecules. However, the aromatic molecules in green java beans are unpleasant, which is the ground that java beans are roasted in order to organize pleasant olfactory property of aromatic molecules. Degree of roasting It can be seen that although dipole minute of caffeine is really big, larger than H2O, the size of the molecule is really big compared to H2O and methylene chloride. Therefore, charges are spread widely, which makes the mutual opposition of caffeine molecule less polar. Therefore, caffeine dissolves more readily in methylene chloride than in H2O or Na carbonate, which is ionic compound. Sodium carbonate is used to respond and do some compound other than caffeine to be more soluble to H2O, such as tannic acid. Nehlig, A, Daval JL, Debry G ( 1992 ) . Caffeine and the cardinal nervous system: Mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic, and psychostimulant effects . Brain Res Rev Meyer, FP, Canzler E, Giers H, Walther H. ( 1991 ) . Time class of suppression of caffeine riddance in response to the unwritten terminal prophylactic agent Deposiston. Hormonal preventives and caffeine riddance . Zentralbl Gynakol Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs, Oxford Press. Michael Kent ( 1997 ) . Oxford Food A ; Fitness ( A Dictionary of diet and exercising ) . Oxford University Press. Jean Anderson, Barbara Deslein. The Nutrition Bible . William Marrow and Company, Inc. Volatile means inclination of vaporisation. w/w = weight/volume per centum solution Library for Science: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chromatography-online.org/directory/analt-235/page.html About.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //chemistry.about.com/od/moleculescompounds/a/caffeine.htm Drug bank: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugbank.ca/cgi-bin/getCard.cgi? CARD=DB00201 Electrons are unevenly distributed. Purdue University Online Writing Lab: hypertext transfer protocol: //employees.oneonta.edu/knauerbr/chem226/226expts/226_expt06_pro.pdf 25and 1 standard pressure T. M. LEUNG, C. C. LEE, Inorganic Chemistry and Chemistry in Action , Fillans. Expression for chemicals: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lookchem.com/Caffeine/ Original from Carleton College: hypertext transfer protocol: //serc.carleton.edu/research_education/equilibria/other_diagrams.html Red line added as illustration. Original from University of British Columbia: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chem.ubc.ca/courseware/123/tutorials/exp10A/sublimation/ Coffee-Makers-Cafe: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.coffee-makers-cafe.com/coffee-roasting.html # roastHomeCoffee-Tea: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.coffee-tea.co.uk/commercial-roasting.php Sweet Marias: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sweetmarias.com/roasting-VisualGuideV2.php The method of pull outing caffeine from java is improved by myself from originally design from Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc. : www.seriaz.org/downloads/4-caffiene.pdf All java beans are from same brand- Starbucks. Using dividing funnel is more accurate than pouring the solution in another beaker by manus and utilizing filter paper to take the staying unwanted solution from the original design. Fig. 4 dividing funnel s diagram is from Jindal Medical A ; Scientific Instrument D = Debye = unit of dipole minute. Look for chemical: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lookchem.com/Caffeine/ Dipole minute is the vector amount of mutual opposition. The Scripps Research Institute: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scripps.edu/chem/finn/Scipdfiles/dipolemoments.pdf City Collegiate: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.citycollegiate.com/dipolemoment.htm Calcium sulfate is non used as mentioned in the original process, since it can non be removed after wards, which could impact the mass of caffeine collected. Exothermic reaction agencies there is a net energy given out as heat. New Mexico Tech: hypertext transfer protocol: //infohost.nmt.edu/~jaltig/Chem333LCaffeine.pdf Ezine Articles: hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles.com/ ? A-Look-at-the-Coffee-Roasting-Process A ; id=1802022 Beverage.cc A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.beverages.cc/Coffea/encyclopedia.htm gt ; PubMed database A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361718? dopt=Abstract gt ; Sweet Marias amp ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sweetmarias.com/roasting-VisualGuideV2.php gt ; Rare instance that the java beans are wholly blackened. Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc. A ; lt ; www.seriaz.org/downloads/4-caffiene.pdf gt ;

My Fitness Pal Essay free essay sample

My Fitness Pal Essay Throughout the semester have been recording my eating habits on my fitness pal. I knew before even started using my fitness pal that my eating habits were not good and to be healthy I needed to stop eating food that was so bad for me. Even though it took me over half the semester to realize that, I now can say I am on a healthier track in life and could not be happier.Throughout this process have learned what foods are healthier to eat and what foods are really bad for you. When I first started using my fitness pal I as eating fast food literally everyday because it was so easy and convenient for me to get between my classes. Foods such as hamburgers and chicken were what I was consuming everyday. I never cared about how many calories was taking in. As a result from eating fast food everyday I felt tired all the time. We will write a custom essay sample on My Fitness Pal Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not only did feel tired all the time, I was gaining weight, which is never a good thing. The more calories I was taking in, the more weight I was gaining. After I realized how bad the food was that I was taking into my body I decided to put a stop to it. I no longer eat fast food and I try to eat as healthy as I sibyl can. Now I eat yogurt, salad, and subs a lot. I eat those things because they are no where near as bad for you as fast food is. Before my fitness pal I never worked out because I was too lazy to but that has also changed.Not only do I eat healthy now, I workout everyday. Am so glad that have decided to make these changes in my lifestyle because I have started losing weight. Not only do I look better, but I feel so much better. I have a lot more energy throughout the day. My fitness pal really has helped me. It opened my eyes into a whole new direction of my life that I never thought was possible. I was never motivated to make myself better until realized just what I was putting into my body with all that greasy fast food.I think this is defiantly something you should continue doing with your future classes because I know it was just what I needed to get started. Am now on a 1200- calorie diet. To start with it was a little bit challenging but every day that passes it gets easier. That is another good thing about my fitness pal. It counts the calories I eat so know when I have reached my limit. Overall, I am thankful that my fitness pal was brought to my attention and I was able to make the best of it.

Passive Writing

Passive Writing Passive Writing Passive Writing By Michael Some English teachers actively encourage their students to depend on active voice, while others allow their students to depend on passive voice. Whats the difference, and why is the difference important? Active voice appears in sentences such as, The detective discovered that the manager was a thief. Passive voice appears in sentences such as, It was discovered that the manager was a thief. Why would someone use passive voice in a sentence like that? Because they want to call the manager a thief, but are afraid to say why! Passive voice is common in scientific papers, because it lets the writers avoid using the words I or we, to avoid saying where their ideas came from. Thats why some teachers think that passive voice sounds more educated. Usually, though, its simply less definite. It might (or might not) fool your teacher, but in the real world, when they have something to say, even scientists dont have the luxury of not being definite. In business writing, sentences make the most sense when the subject comes first, followed by what the subject is doing. So make sure passive writing is not reducing the efficiency of your words. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†The "Pied" in The Pied Piper